Haefele 3, 1 school of agriculture, food and wine, university of adelaide, adelaide, sa 5064, south australia, australia. Management of stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe in. Among these, about half a dozen pests are of economic importance. Busseola fusca has already evolved resistance to cry1ab bt maize in south africa van rensburg 2007. Avoid alternate hosts such as sorghum and pearl millet plant early in rainy periods intercrop with legumes use pushpull strategy. Corn rootworms fall armyworm corn earworm corn leaf aphid european corn borer 2nd3rd gen. The caterpillar has black spots on its back and is pink in colour. Pdf assessment of maize stem borer damage on hybrid maize. High stemborers tunnel length and high striga count contributed to low maize production in control plots. Adult moths are grayish brown in color with small white spots along the front edge and along the tips of the forewings.
A research was conducted during the kharif season 2015 to investigate an infestation of insect. Show full abstract of maize stem borer damage during both seasons. The african maize stem borer, busseola fusca fuller, is the most important insect pest of maize in south africa. Field trials were conducted in the long and short rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003 to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by stem borers in monocropped maize and in maize intercropped with nonhost plants such as cassava, cowpea and soybean. Incidence of maize stem borer during kharif, 2017 the maize stem borer, chilo partellus and pink stem borer, sesamia inferens was observed to infest the maize crop. Forty four maize genotypes were screened for resistance to maize stem borer at the research field of national maize research program, rampur during spring seasons march to june of two consecutive years 20 and 2014. It is found in india, pakistan, ethiopia, lesotho, madagascar, malawi, south africa, sudan, tanzania, uganda and on mayotte c. Abundance and diversity of maize stem borer species in a maize groundnut mixture in central cameroon. Jalali and singh 2003 also reported similar results. A generally accepted estimate of annual losses during the early part of the 20th century was 10% of the national crop mally, 1920. Maize plants are less able to tolerate stem borer attack than sorghum and pearl millet plants and yield losses of 12% or more occur. Prevention and control of stalk borer in maize february 2017 maize is the most widely produced crop in south africa, grown extensively in the free state, mpumalanga, and the north west as well as most other provinces but in smaller expanses. Economic impact of maize stem borer chilo partellus attack. Noctuidae in the humid forest of southern cameroon.
Farmers perceptions of maize stem borer and adoption of. Borer infestations of maize crops grown at various planting densities were studied in the ivory coast. Colonisation of the plant by borers, severity of infestation and damage strongly depend on the cropping system and soil fertility, which affects the nutritional. Nov 21, 2019 evaluation of pheromone trapping systems in relation to light trap captures of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. More than insects have been recorded causing damage to maize in india. Lepidopteran stem borers are the most damaging pests of maize in subsaharan africa. Stalk borers are distributed throughout the united states east of the rocky mountains. Pdf ecology of the african maize stalk borer, busseola fusca. Lepidopteran stemborers are a serious pest of maize in africa.
Relationships of intercropped maize, stem borer damage to. So the present experiment has been attempted on maize to control stem borer using conventional pesticides under field condition. Pdf busseola fusca fuller, the african maize stalk borer. Insect pests of maize, the damage caused on maize plants. Plant desmodium in between maize rows to repel stalk borers from the maize. Abundance and diversity of maize stem borer species in a maizegroundnut mixture in central cameroon. In older plants, the caterpillars of the first generation bore in the main stem.
Related to this, new avenues of stem borer management are proposed. Due to the unique nature of african farming systems e. Forty four maize genotypes were screened for resistance to maize stem borer at. The stem borer larvae bore at the base of the plants during the vegetative stage. Despite the growing importance of maize in the forest zone of democratic republic of congo, no data is available regarding stem borer pest species present and their. Both additive and nonadditive gene effects are important in the. White eggs are laid in batches on the underside of leaves in columns stretching from the stem. The roots and the stem were known to contain antimicrobial compounds 9, and the seeds. Herbal preparation to control maize stem borer national. We look at some of the major insect pests of maize and the damages they cause to the maize plant and how they can be controlled or managed. Maize stem borer msb, chilo partellus swinhoe, lepidoptera.
Selection of maize genotypes resistant to pink stem borer and. Efficacy of different insecticides against maize stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe and maize aphid rhopalosiphum maidis fitch infesting maize. High stemborers tunnel length and high striga count contributed to. Resistance of btmaize mon810 against the stem borers busseola. Most stem borers belong to the families pyralidae and noctuidae, and the immature insects, the caterpillars, tunneling in the stems and feeding on the soft tissues, cause the injury. While the focus is on the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca reference is also made to other economically important stem borer species. Pyralidae is one of the most important insect pest of maize in nepal.
Differential resistance reaction of maize genotypes to maize. The most relevant stem boring species associated with maize production in nigeria are moths belonging to the families noctuidae and pyralidae, namely. The international centre of insect physiology and ecology. Some second generation caterpillars bore in the cobs. Borer infestation and damage in relation to maize stand. Life cycle of the stemborer chilo partellus the spotted stemborer 5 figure 7. Chemical control of maize stem borer chilo partellus. Economic impact of maize stem borer chilo partellus. Introduction maize stem borer is a common pest in many african countries throughout subsaharan african. Furthermore, maize lethal necrosis, maize streak virus and maize ear rot diseases respectively cause about 50%, 47%.
Studies on maize stem borer, chilo partellus in peshawar valley abid farid, muhammad iqbal nawaz khan, amanullah khan, sana ullah khan khattak, alamzeb and abdus sattar nuclear institute for food and agriculture, peshawar abstract. Plant napier grass along the borders of the maize as a trap crop to pull stalk borers away from the maize. It lays its eggs on the under surface of the leaf in batches and completes its life cycle in the plant, damaging it. Review of stem borer research in ghana springerlink. Biological control many natural enemies of the african maize stalk borer have been reported two of the most abundant natural enemies or the larval parasitoids cotesia sesamiac and bracon sesamiac 10. Genetics of sorghum, maize, rice and sugarcane resistance to. Population dynamics of maize stem borer, chilo partellus swinhoe in upper himalayas of jammu region. Fabaceae, a tropical and subtropical flowering tree, and their antifeedant activity explored 8. Shoot fly, borers, shoot bug and aphid, polyphagous pest like cornworm cause considerable yield reduction in maize. Considering the economic importance of the maize crop and the losses caused by the maize stem borer. There are three main species of stalk borers which attack maize. Damage to sorghum is usually less serious than damage to maize, because sorghum easily tillers and this can partly compensate for the damage. Btmaize has revolutionized stem borer control in several countries and also. Pdf management of maize stem borer chilo partellus.
Evaluation of pheromone trapping systems in relation to light trap captures of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Four granular carbofuran, fipronil, cartap, monomihypo, two foliar emmamectin, deltamethrin. Maize is an important economic crop grown in nigeria. All the tested isolates showed suppression of maize stem borer damage during both seasons. Pdf stem borer species composition on maize and two non. Gm maize will be approved for control of several lepidopteran stem borer species in africa within the next few years. Furthermore, maize lethal necrosis, maize streak virus and maize ear rot diseases respectively cause about 50%, 47%, and 49% of the maize damages in both counties. Inbred lines, resistant to chilo partellus and busseola fusca stem borers 11 karaya githu haron b.
Eggs laid on grassytype weeds in the field are usually destroyed by tillage. Maize stalk borers cabi africa soil health consortium. It is a serious pest of wheat and rabi all over india but is more prevalent in south india. Stalk borer grasshoppers european corn borer 1st gen. It damages the crop significantly and reduces the yield by 20 per cent but in severe cases the yield loss many be many times more. Insect pests of maize, the damage caused on maize plants and. The most injurious pests of cereals are the lepidopteran stem borers, with the crambid spotted stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe and noctuid african stem borer busseola fusca, being the most economically important field insect pests in maize cultivation in africa. Selection of maize genotypes resistant to pink stem borer. Host plant resistance is the costeffective, ecologically sound and stable approach to reduce damage by stem borers. Pdf on oct 10, 2016, muhammad zahid sharif and others published maize stem borer chilo partellus. Noctuidae, is a native north american insect that occurs from the atlantic coast to the western great plains, and from canada to the gulf of mexico decker 1931. Maize stalk borers are common pests throughout subsaharan africa. Factsheet busseola fusca fuller, 1901 african maize.
Mean stem borer tunnel length in maize was significantly reduced by 35. Common stalk borer is native to north america and attacks 176 different plant species. Chilo partellus, the spotted stem borer, is the most common of the chilo species found in africa, while the african pink stem borer, sesamia calamistis, is the most common species of sesamia. Combining ability among multiple borer resistant, maize. Differential resistance reaction of maize genotypes to. Studies on the maize and jowar stem borer, chilo zonellus swinhoe. Effects of grain legumes and cover crops on maize yield and plant damage by busseola fusca lepidoptera. One century after its first description by fuller in. Several species of chilo are serious pests stem borers of sorghum, maize, rice and sugarcane. Farmers report that three main problems limit their maize yields.
A maize field infested with striga hermonthica 6 figure 8. Pdf assessment of maize stem borer damage on hybrid. Introduction the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca fuller, is the most important insect pest of maize in south africa. Determining the effect of stemborers on yields of cereal.
Maize stalk borers are pests of maize, sorghum and other crops throughout many countries in africa. However, during rabi, 201718 only incidence of ferens was observed. Maize shootfly atherigona orientalis muscidae diptera 2. Common names include maize stalk borer, maize stem borer and sorghum stalkstem borer. The current paper is the first paper having comprehensively and systematically documented the impact of the maize stem borer on maize crop yield in pakistan. Noctuidae is an important pest of maize and sorghum in subsaharan africa. The work on the biology of the borers carried out at asutsuare between october 1977 and january 1980 has pinpointed the fact that the practice of ratooning is the principal cause of a devastating build up of stem borers in the sugarcane fields.
For maize, threatening organisms are stem borers, nematodes, bacteria, viruses, fungi and weeds are some of the organisms that have negative impact on the maize plant. In conventional tillage, stalk borer damage is usually confined to field margins and corn plants along grassy waterways and terraces. Dec 11, 2018 for maize, threatening organisms are stem borers, nematodes, bacteria, viruses, fungi and weeds are some of the organisms that have negative impact on the maize plant. Common names include maize stalk borer, maize stem borer and sorghum stalk stem borer.
Economic evaluation and efficacy of various insecticides. Assessment of maize stem borer damage on hybrid maize varieties in chitwan, nepal article pdf available december 2015 with 1,324 reads how we measure reads. This species is a common stem borer that attack maize and sorghum in eastern, northern, southern and western ethiopia getu et al. Stalk borer pests corn integrated pest management ipm. The maize stalk and stem borer is common in africa, mostly in areas above an altitude of 700m. Pdf population dynamics of maize stem borer, chilo.
An increase in notill corn acreage has increased common stalk borer incidence and problems. It is found in aquatic environments where there is continuous flooding. Nairobi univfrsity ka8ete llhrahv a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the. Its production is dramatically affect by the pink stem borersesamia calamistis hampson, noctuidae and sugarcane borereldana saccharina walker, pyralidae that are endemic in southeastern nigeria. A stem borer larva feeding inside a maize stem 4 figure 5. Pdf on nov 16, 2009, ishtiyaq ahad and others published population dynamics of maize stem borer, chilo partellus swinhoe in upper himalayas of jammu region find, read and cite all the research. Relationships of intercropped maize, stem borer damage to maize yield and landuse efficiency in the humid forest of. Genetics of sorghum, maize, rice and sugarcane resistance. Ecology of the african maize stalk borer, busseola fusca. The number of larvae per stem for both stem borers, i. The problem of the stem borer the maize stem borer, chilo partellus, is the most dangerous pest of maize crop. Life cycle of the stemborer bussela fusca 5 figure 6. Studies on genetics of resistance to chilo species have been carried out only in a few cases.
It is found in india, pakistan, ethiopia, lesotho, madagascar, malawi, south africa, sudan, tanzania, uganda and on mayotte. Because maize plants dont produce tillers, they are less able to tolerate stem borer attack than sorghum and pearl millet plants and the effect on grain yields is therefore greater. Stem borers are the most important maize pests in the humid forest zone of cameroon. While farmers have adopted cultural control practices at the field scale, it is not clear how these practices affect stemborer infestation levels and how their efficacy is influenced by. In india, maize is the third important cereal crop after rice and wheat that provides food, feed and fodder. Busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera, noctuidae and eldana saccharina walker lepidoptera, pyralidae, was similar at. Busseola fusca is the scientific name of the african maize stalk borer. Pdf management of maize stem borer chilo partellus with. Chilo partellus, the spotted stalk borer, is a moth in the family crambidae.
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